The problem of the origin of the Earth is essentially astronomical rather than geological because geological history is considered to have begun when common Earth processes, such as erosion, deposition, and transportation of sediments, etc., were brought into play. It is quite certain, however, that the Earth in its pre-geologic state gradually merged into its …
The quantity under measurement in an instrumentation system is called ‘Measurand’ or ‘Information’. The primary sensing elements, called ‘Sensors’, sense the condition, state, or value of the measurand and convert the energy to an output of some other type of energy. The sensors are called ‘Primary Trunsducers’ or ‘Detectors’. Sometimes a ‘Secondary Transducer’ may be …
Transducers- Introduction, Classification and Application Read More »
In a stationary fluid, the atoms or molecules have two motions: Diffusion due to Brownian motion and Vibratory motion around their mean positions. The forces on the fluid molecules are such that the molecule of fluid can easily slide by the side of another molecule. Hence diffusion is predominant in liquids and gases. When a …
Conductors, semiconductors, and insulators are three types of materials. Semiconductors are those materials whose conductivity lies between that of conductors and insulators. Most electronic devices are based on semiconductors. At absolute zero(0°K) temperature, the semiconductors behave as insulators. As temperature increases, the conductivity increases. In the old days, only vacuum tubes were used. But nowadays …
Semiconductor- Introduction, Types and Comparison Read More »
Thermal Equilibrium: By the touch of our hand, we can roughly determine which is the hottest or coldest object. The hotness or coldness of an object was called temperature. If two objects give the same feeling of being equally hot (or cold), they are said to have the same temperature, and objects are said to …
Thermal Equilibrium and Zeroth Law Of Thermodynamics Explained With 5 Real-Life Examples Read More »